Akt最早于1987年被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一種由急性轉(zhuǎn)化逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒Akt-81轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的致癌基因。僅僅四年后,三個獨(dú)立的研究小組克隆并鑒定了v-Akt的細(xì)胞同源物,分別將其命名為c-Akt、PKA與PKC的相關(guān)激酶 (RAC)和蛋白激酶 B (PKB) 2。Akt現(xiàn)在已知有三種異構(gòu)體:Akt1、Akt2和Akt3,每一種都包含一個N端蛋白激酶C底物同源結(jié)構(gòu)域,一個中央激酶結(jié)構(gòu)域包含一個保守的蘇氨酸殘基(人類Akt1/Akt2/Akt3中的Thr308/Thr309/Thr305),以及具有保守絲氨酸(人類Akt1/Akt2/Akt3中的Ser473/Ser474/Ser472)的疏水性C端調(diào)控結(jié)構(gòu)域。重要的是,蘇氨酸殘基和絲氨酸殘基都必須被磷酸化,Akt才能被完-全激活3。Akt在調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞代謝、生長、凋亡和生存方面具有重要作用,因此它是一個有價值的治療靶點(diǎn)。
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