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      Nigericin

      更新時(shí)間:2022-01-29

      簡(jiǎn)要描述:

      NLRP3 Inflammasome Inducer - Nigericin, sodium salt
      Nigericin is a microbial toxin derived from the Gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It induces the release of IL-1β in response to ……

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      NLRP3 Inflammasome Inducer - Nigericin, sodium salt

      Nigericin is a microbial toxin derived from the Gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It induces the release of IL-1β in response to the activation of the NLRP3 (also known as NALP3 or cryopyrin) inflammasome [1]. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a caspase?1-activating complex comprising the NLR protein NLRP3 and the adaptor ASC required for the maturation and secretion of IL-1β [2].

       More details

       

      Nigericin acts as a potassium ionophore. It probably activates NLRP3 through its ionophore function which allows the intracellular potassium (K+) efflux across the membrane [3]. Whether the formation of non?selective pannexin-1 pores also contributes to NLRP3 activation upon Nigericin treatment remains unclear [4].

      Key features of Nigericin:

      • Inducer of the NLRP3 inflammasome

      • Potassium ionophore

      • Each lot is functionally tested


      References:

      1. Mariathasan S. et al., 2006. Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome and ATP. Nature 440;228-32.
      2. Martinon F. & Tschopp J., 2004. Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases. Cell. 117(5):561-74.
      3. Mu?oz-Planillo R. et al., 2013. K+ efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter. Immunity. 38(6):1142-53..
      4. Pelegrin P, & Surprenant A., 2007. Pannexin-1 couples to maitotoxin- and nigericin-induced interleukin-1beta release through a dye uptake-independent pathway. J Biol Chem. 282(4):2386-94.

      Figures

      Induction of IL-1β secretion by monocytes upon treatment with <strong>Nigericin</strong>



      Induction of IL-1β secretion by monocytes upon treatment with Niger

      Specifications

      Working concentration: 1-10 µM

      CAS number: 28643-80-3

      Synonym: Antibiotic K178, Polyetherin A

      Molecular weight: 746.94 g/mol

      Solubility: 5 mg/ml in ethanol


      Contents

      Nigericin is provided as a sodium salt and is available in two quantities:

      • 10 mg : tlrl-nig

      • 50 mg : tlrl-nig-5

      room temperature Nigericin is shipped at room temperature.

      store Store at -20 °C


      Details

      The NLRP3 Inflammasome:

      The NLRP3 inflammasome is an innate immune sensor that is activated by a two-step process; a first signal (‘priming’) provided mainly by bacterial components or endogenous cytokines involves NF-κB induction, while the second signal provided by a wide array of stimuli including microbial toxins, endogenous molecules or crystalline substances and leads to inflammasome assembly and activation [1, 2].  This triggers inflammasome multimerization and caspase-1 activation with the subsequent cleavage of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/IL-18 and the pore-forming protein Gasdermin D (GSDMD) into their active forms. Additionally, the activation of the inflammasome also leads to alarmin secretion and pyroptosis, a form of immunogenic cell death.

       

      1. Swanson K.V. et al., 2019. The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 19:477.
      2. Groslambert M. & Py B. 2018. Spotlight on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. J. Inflamm. Res. 11:359.


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